Process & Material
Titanium Grade 23 Small Hole EDM Drilling Feasibility Review
Titanium Grade 23 can be machined with Small Hole EDM when the geometry matches small through holes, deep holes, angled holes, cooling holes, vent holes, and start holes in hard or heat-resistant alloys. Titanium Grade 23 is an extra-low-interstitial Ti-6Al-4V grade used where toughness, fatigue and medical cleanliness are important; the supplied condition affects support, discharge energy, finishing, and inspection.
Quick Answer
Small Hole EDM is suitable for Titanium Grade 23 when the feature is a small, deep, angled, cooling, vent, or start hole in conductive material. The supplied condition must be stated before tolerance and surface requirements are confirmed.
Key Material Decisions
How This Material Behaves
An extra-low-interstitial Ti-6Al-4V grade used where toughness, fatigue and medical cleanliness are important. In Small Hole EDM, the supplied condition changes bore stability, breakthrough quality, wall finish, and the inspection plan for straightness and position.
Choosing the Right Condition
Choose Small Hole EDM for small through holes, deep holes, angled holes, cooling holes, vent holes, and start holes in hard or heat-resistant alloys. State the exact Titanium Grade 23 condition, then set tolerance, finish, support, and inspection from the controlled feature rather than the whole part.
Risks to Manage
For Small Hole EDM, Medical or fatigue-critical surfaces require traceable finishing, cleaning and recast control. As a deep small hole approaches breakthrough, runout, flushing loss and breakthrough loading can separate entry quality from exit quality; the interaction is most important at medical, fatigue and corrosion-critical titanium surfaces. For Titanium Grade 23, this can produce exit drift and recast along a cooling, flow or fatigue-critical wall. For Titanium Grade 23, use clean low-energy finishing and specify whether recast removal, polishing or validated cleaning is required. Inspect entry, exit, taper, position and wall condition independently; document geometry, recast, contamination and the named medical, fatigue or corrosion face for Titanium Grade 23.
How Small Hole EDM Works on Titanium Grade 23
Small Hole EDM advances a rotating tubular electrode through Titanium Grade 23 while dielectric exits at the cutting tip. Electrode wear, runout, internal flushing, true hole depth and breakthrough support control entry-to-exit diameter, taper, straightness and wall condition. Hole diameter, depth and depth-to-diameter ratio—not stock thickness alone—define the process limit.
Small Hole EDM Capability Reference
| What you're asking | What you can expect |
|---|---|
| Feature types | small through holes, deep holes, angled holes, cooling holes, vent holes, and start holes in hard or heat-resistant alloys |
| Tolerance | ±0.010–0.050 mm |
| Surface finish | Hole-wall finish is feature-dependent |
| Typical diameter | About 0.3–3.0 mm for ordinary planning |
| Depth driver | Depth-to-diameter ratio, straightness, and breakthrough |
| Main limitation | Very small diameter combined with extreme depth may require specialized equipment, staged electrodes, and dedicated metrology. |
Material Condition Reference
| Condition | What to expect | Watch out for | Surface notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| annealed | Use stable support and low-energy finishing. | Thermal surface effects can reduce fatigue resistance. | Specify recast and edge condition on fatigue and medical faces. |
| stress-relieved | Plan around stress relief and thin-wall movement. | Residual stress can distort delicate profiles. | Use trim passes and controlled post-processing on critical faces. |
How This Material Behaves
Titanium Grade 23 is extra-low-interstitial Ti-6Al-4V used where toughness and fatigue performance are tightly controlled. In EDM, this means a contaminated or cracked recast layer can negate the benefit of the ELI grade even when roughness is acceptable. Use clean finishing conditions, leave allowance for surface removal where required, and verify fatigue-critical faces by metallography. For Small Hole EDM, Medical or fatigue-critical surfaces require traceable finishing, cleaning and recast control. For deep or cooling holes, exit quality, taper and wall recast are more important than entry diameter alone.
Surface Integrity and Post-Process
For Small Hole EDM on Titanium Grade 23, use low-energy finishing and define whether recast removal, polishing or passivation is required. Reduce discharge energy near final size and breakthrough, then evaluate entry, exit, taper and wall condition separately. For fatigue-, flow- or seal-critical holes, specify recast acceptance or post-process cleaning and finishing instead of relying on diameter alone.
Titanium Grade 23 Small Hole EDM Checkpoints
- Confirm that the feature matches small through holes, deep holes, angled holes, cooling holes, vent holes, and start holes in hard or heat-resistant alloys.
- State the supplied condition: annealed and stress-relieved.
- Mark the controlled dimensions, functional surfaces, datum scheme, and inspection method.
Typical Parts and Features
- medical components
- aerospace profiles
- lightweight fixtures
- turbine-blade cooling holes
- mold and die vent holes
- injector and nozzle holes
Limits and Better Alternatives
Main Limit
Hole depth, diameter, aspect ratio, flushing, and breakthrough quality—not stock thickness alone—set the practical limit. On Titanium Grade 23, surface integrity and traceable post-processing matter more than a generic titanium finish claim; the supplied condition still controls support, finishing, and surface-integrity review.
Consider Another Route When
Use mechanical drilling when the tool can reach economically, laser drilling for suitable thin geometry, or Micro EDM for smaller precision holes.
Practical Next Step
Send the Titanium Grade 23 drawing with condition, controlled geometry, tolerance, functional surface callouts, quantity, and inspection requirements. If the route is unclear, we will compare Small Hole EDM with the adjacent EDM or conventional process.
Practical Takeaway
Titanium Grade 23 is compatible with Small Hole EDM when the feature matches the process access. The supplied condition determines support, finishing, surface control, and inspection.
Additional Project Information
Include application, destination and end-use notes together with the material, quantity and drawing requirements.
Project Details for Technical Review
Include application and end-use notes when they affect material, inspection, documentation, or export review.
- Process: Small Hole EDM
- Material: Titanium Grade 23
- Drawing or part sketch
- Material grade
- Thickness / part size
- Quantity
- Tolerance and critical dimensions
- Surface finish or inspection requirement
STEP/STP, DXF, DWG, PDF, IGS/IGES or ZIP.
Confidential drawing review. NDA support available on request.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can Titanium Grade 23 be machined with Small Hole EDM?
Yes, when the feature is a small, deep, angled, cooling, vent, or start hole in conductive material. Titanium Grade 23 is electrically conductive and the final route follows the feature geometry and supplied condition.
What controls Small Hole EDM on Titanium Grade 23?
The main process controls are electrode diameter, true hole depth, depth-to-diameter ratio, tubular-electrode wear, flushing pressure, breakthrough quality, and hole-wall inspection. The Titanium Grade 23 condition adds dimensional-stability and surface-integrity requirements.
What is the main risk?
For Small Hole EDM, Medical or fatigue-critical surfaces require traceable finishing, cleaning and recast control. As a deep small hole approaches breakthrough, runout, flushing loss and breakthrough loading can separate entry quality from exit quality; the interaction is most important at medical, fatigue and corrosion-critical titanium surfaces. For Titanium Grade 23, this can produce exit drift and recast along a cooling, flow or fatigue-critical wall. For Titanium Grade 23, use clean low-energy finishing and specify whether recast removal, polishing or validated cleaning is required. Inspect entry, exit, taper, position and wall condition independently; document geometry, recast, contamination and the named medical, fatigue or corrosion face for Titanium Grade 23.
What should I send for review?
Send the drawing, exact Titanium Grade 23 condition, controlled geometry, tolerance, functional surface requirements, quantity, and inspection expectations. If any item is undecided, send what you have and we will help complete the review.